Подвиг народа в памяти Екатеринбурга

Автор: Александрова Татьяна Игоревна

Организация: СУНЦ УрФУ

Населенный пункт: Свердловская область, г. Екатеринбург

81 год назад закончилась Великая Отечественная война. Подвиг советского народа в военные годы является выдающимся примером героизма, стойкости и самоотверженности. Память о нем – важнейший источник для формирования у подростков чувства патриотизма и любви к Родине, осознания ответственности за её будущее.

В годы войны на фронт ушло более 100 тысяч жителей Екатеринбурга. 62 из них были удостоены звания Героя Советского Союза.  Екатеринбург бережно хранит память о них и о тех, кто самоотверженно ковал победу в тылу. Более 20 улиц в городе названы именами Героев Советского Союза. В их честь установлены памятники и обелиски.

Данная статья содержит 2 задания по чтению, основанных на текстах о героях Советского Союза, чья жизнь была тесно связана с Екатеринбургом, а также 3 задания по лексике и грамматике – на текстах о памятниках, посвященных подвигу екатеринбуржцев в годы войны.

     

Task 1.

Read the texts and answer the questions. There is one extra question.

Who

1 opened a new era in the world aviation history?

2 supplied the Soviet government with secret military information?

3 took part in obtaining aircraft and aviation equipment for the USSR?

4 flew a variety of fighter planes?

5 flew despite the disability?

6 silenced the weapon?

7 died while liberating a foreign country?

 

GRIGORY RECHKALOV

Grigory Andreevich Rechkalov (1920 – 1990) was a Soviet fighter pilot during World War II who scored   61 solo shootdowns, making him one of the highest scoring Soviet fighter pilots. He was born in Hudyakovo    village (present-day Zaikovo) Sverdlovsk Oblast. In May 1944 Rechkalov took command over the 16^th Guards    Fighter Aviation Regiment. By the end of the war he had flown 452 sorties and engaged in 122 dogfights. He flew the I-153, I-16, MiG-3, Yak-1 and P-39 Airacobra, but a vast majority of his kills was on the P-39 – a fighter produced by Bell Aircraft for the United States Army Air Forces during World War II and supplied to the Soviet Union as a lend-lease aid.

He was twice awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union for his aerial victories and went on to become a general-major after the war. He wrote two books about his wartime experiences: ‘The Smoking Skies of War’  and ‘In Moldavian Skies’.  G.A. Rechkalov was buried in Bobrovsky village (Sysert District Sverdlovsk Oblast),   where he had lived and studied.

                                   

NIKOLAI KUZNETSOV

Nikolai Ivanovich Kuznetsov (1911 – 1944) was a Soviet intelligence agent and partisan who operated in

Nazi-occupied Ukraine during World War II and who personally killed 11 high-ranking German officials. He was born in Zyryanka village (Talitsky District Sverdlovsk Oblast).  In 1942 Kuznetsov fought as a member of the guerilla group ‘’Victors’’ led by Dmitry Medvedev in central and western Ukraine. He was in charge of several complex operations involving assassinations and kidnappings of high-ranking Nazi officials in the Rivne and Lviv regions.

Kuznetsov was also the first intelligence agent to uncover German plans to launch a massive tank attack in the Kursk region and information about German V-2 rockets, as well as about Operation Long Jump, Hitler’s alleged plan to assassinate the heads of the USSR, the USA and the Great Britain during the Tehran Conference. He was operating in Rivne using the fake German identity of Oberleutnant Paul Siebert. It was

Kuznetsov who obtained information about the location of Hitler’s ‘’Werwolf’’ near the city Vinnitsya. On 9 March 1944 Kuznertsov and his associates were faced with a detachment of Bandera near the city of Brody and gave their last battle.  According to some data, they were killed, according to others – they blew themselves up with grenades.

N.I. Kuznetsov was buried in Lviv. He was posthumously awarded the honorary title of Hero of the Soviet Union. The asteroid 2233 Kuznetsov discovered in 1972 by a Soviet astronomer L. Zhuravlyova is named after him. More than a dozen books were released on Kuznetsov’s activities and at least six films were shot.

       

GRIGORY BAKHCHIVANDZHI

Grigory Yakovlevich Bakhchivandzhi (1909 – 1943) was a Soviet fighter pilot and early jet test pilot. He was born in village Brinkovskaya in Krasnodar territory. He participated in the defense of Moscow, flying 65 sorties on the MiG -3, during which he accumulated two solo and three shared shootdowns. On 15 May 1942 he flew the Bereznyak-Isayev BI-3, the first Soviet short-range rocket powered interceptor, departing from Koltsovo airfield.

On 27 March 1943 Bakhchivandzhi died in the crash of the BI-3 he was testing. The cause of the crash was due to the Mach tuck effect was realized four years later. The plan for building 50 BI-VS and two other rocket projects were cancelled. On 28 April 1973, nearly 30 years after his death, he was posthumously awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union. In 1963 an obelisk was erected on his grave at the cemetery in Maly Istok.  A bronze bust of Bakhchivandzhi was installed in Sverdlovsk Airport, the former site of Koltsovo airfield, and a monument honoring him was placed in his hometown of Brinkovskaya. A crater on the far side of the Moon is named after him.

Yuri Gagarin, referring to the day of his historic flight in Vostok 1, said: ‘Without the flight of Grigory Bakhchivandzhi, perhaps there would not have been 12 April 1961.’

                                       

                                                 

MIKHAIL ODINTSOV

Mikhail Petrovich Odintsov (1921 – 2011) was a Soviet journalist and writer, twice Hero of the Soviet Union, Colonel-General of Aviation and a honored military pilot of the USSR. He was born in the village Polozovo    in Pem Governorate. He graduated from school №36 in Sverdlovsk and studied at the construction institute.    

From 23 June 1941 Odintsov fought in combat against the Nazi German Wehrmacht. During an air attack his aircraft was shot down. Odintsov survived and was seriously wounded. After a seven-month recovery he was diagnosed by a medical commission as unfit for active service and flying. Nevertheless, he went to his bomber regiment and started to fly with handicap. Odintsov was granted the particular flight license to the bomber aircraft IL-2. He flew on this type of aircraft until the end of the war.

During the war Odintsov showed personally bravery as the tactical commander of the 292^nd Ground Attack Aviation Division. He completed a total of 215 sorties. He gained 14 shared shootdowns of enemy aircraft, which was unusual for a bomber pilot in the Soviet Air Force. For this, he was honored with the USSR’s highest title Hero of the Soviet Union twice.

There is a bronze bust of M.P. Odintsov on the main entrance of the Ekaterinburg Suvorov Military School.

The square located in front it and the secondary school №36 are named after this outstanding pilot.

 

VASILY KHOMYAKOV

Vasily Sergeevich Khomyakov (1924 – 1944) was a Soviet tank man, a junior lieutenant, the Hero of the Soviet Union. He was born in Ekaterinburg. He graduated from the school № 162 and then the Stalingrad Military School in 1943. In August 1944 Khomyakov fought as a commander of the tank T-34-85 in the 21st tank brigade.

He made his mark during liberation of Romania. On 25 August 1944 his brigade approached the city Tekuch. Khomyakov’s tank crew killed about   50 soldiers and officers, broke through enemy lines and held position until the main forces came. Thanks to that the Soviet army captured a few enemy steam locomotives, ammunition and fuel depots. Vasily Khomyakov died in that battle at the age of 20. He was buried at the southern outskirts of Tekuch.

Vasily Khomyakov was posthumously awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union. His name is one of the streets of Ekaterinburg. A memorial plaque is installed on the building of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College (the former building of the secondary school № 162).

 

NIKOLAI BUTORIN

Butorin Nikolai Vasilievich (1912 – 1945) was a Soviet machine gunner, a sergeant, the Hero of the Soviet Union. He was born in the village Zaikovo in Tobolsk Governorate (present-day Kurgan Kurganskaya Oblast).

He fought near Voronezh, Kursk, on the Dnieper, in Poland and in Germany. N. Butorin was twice wounded in July 1943.

On 28 September 1943 he was one of the first soldiers who crossed the river Pripyat near Plutovishche village (present-day Chernobyl in Ukraine). He suppressed the enemy firing point and fought off a few Nazi attacks. Thanks to this, his rifle company reached the west bank of the Pripyat and then the regiment started a forced crossing. In October 1943 he was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union for his bravery and heroism.

N. Butorin took part in battles on Sandomirsky bridgehead. He was seriously injured when he was crossing the Oder. On 1^st March 1945 he died in a hospital in Ekaterinburg.

 

Task 2.

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A-F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1-7.

Одна из частей в списке 1-7 лишняя.

 

ROSSOKHIN B.G.

Boris Gavrilovich Rossokhin (1922 – 2005), a Soviet pilot of attack aviation during the Great Patriotic War, the Hero of the Soviet Union, was born in the village of Nizhnie Boty Oryol District Vyatka province

Into a peasant family. From October 1943 he fought on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War.

Serving in an assault aviation regiment, he often flew on aerial reconnaissance missions A __________.

In July 1944 he was shot down in the skiers over Belarus and fell behind the front line. He crawled through the enemy-occupied territory with broken arms and legs B __________. After this first injury the young

pilot suffered broken limbs and a spinal injury, and doctors gave him disability. To make his spine hurt less, his combat buddies tied plywood to his back – C __________.

By November 1944 Guards Lieutenant Boris Rossokhin commanded a flight of the 59^th Guards Assault Aviation Regiment 16^th Air Army 1^st Belorussian Front. By that time, it carried out 138 combat sorties to attack concentrations of enemy military equipment and manpower, its important facilities, inflicting heavy losses on it: D __________.

Severe injuries led to B. Rossokhin being transferred to transport aviation. As part of the 226^th Transport Aviation Regiment, he served the historic Potsdam Conference E _________.   

In 1946 he came to Sverdlovsk and began working first as a senior engineer and then as a department head at Plant №28. He entered the evening department of the physics and technology faculty of the Ural Polytechnic Institute (UPI) and in 1955 he graduated with honors from UPI (now the Ural Federal University).

Near the main building of UrFU-UPI an obelisk was erected in honor of the Heroes of the Soviet Union who studied and worked here. One of the eleven Heroes is Lieutenant Colonel B.G. Rossokhin.  There is the lecture hall in UrFU – UPI - “Ft-422”- F __________. One of the new streets in the Campus of UrFU has been named after B.G. Rossokhin.

1. this way he could fly
2. and saw the leaders of the anti-Hitler coalition countries – Stalin, Churchill, Truman
3. named after him
4. which he usually did alone
5. had been wounded several times
6. over 1,200 soldiers and officers, 36 tanks and armored vehicles, 4 troop trains, several weapons depots
7. and a few days later found himself among his own people

                                            

Task 3.                                         

Прочитайте приведенный ниже текст. Преобразуйте напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк слова так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста.

Заполните пропуски полученными словами.

MONUMENT TO THE SOLDIERS OF THE URAL TANK CORPS

 1.  In February 1962 a large-scale composition __________ to the feat of the soldiers of             DEDICATE

      the Ural Volunteer Corps was opened on Privokzalnaya Square in Sverdlovsk. The

 2.  massive figures __________ on a huge pedestal of polished gray Ural granite.                         SET

      The figures of the father-worker and son-warrior symbolize the unity of the rear and

 3.   the front of the mortal danger __________ over the Motherland. The tank warrior                HANG

 4.   comes forward a little, as if emphasizing that he can reliably protect __________                  THESE

       who remained in the rear.

 5.   The monument _________ by sculptors V.M. Druzin, P.A. Sazhin and the monumental       CREATE

       artist V.Z. Belyaev.    

6.    The history of the creation of the monument __________ back to 1943. At the beginning    DATE

       of that year the residents of the Urals presented a whole tank corps to the front.

       In May 1943 a solemn presentation of honorary trophy banner to the volunteer soldiers

   7.    __________ place. Having given an oath to the residents of the Urals, the soldiers of        TAKE

   8.   the Corps fulfilled their __________ with honor.                                                                          DUTY

 

                                                       

Task 4.                            

Прочитайте приведенный ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами в конце строк, однокоренные слова, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста.

 

MONUMENT TO THE URALS WHO FORGED THE VICTORY

   1.  The __________ of Ekaterinburg have played a huge role in the history of the Great        INHABIT

   2.  Patriotic War. Their __________ to the formation of the Great Victory is highly                CONTRIBUTE

        appreciated by the people. On the square from which volunteers went to the front in

   3.  a difficult __________ year a monument was opened in honor of the commemoration   FORTY-ONE

        of the 60^th anniversary of the Victory.

   4. The monument symbolizes a __________ contribution to the victory of all the Urals,       SIGNIFICANCE

       both those who fought with arms at the fronts, and those who worked in the rear. On

       the pedestal of the monument the words “Ural residents who forged the victory” and

   5. “To Ural residents, __________ of the Motherland” are carved.                                          DEFEND

   6.  The residents of the city called the monument “Gray Ural”. The __________                  HIGH    

        of the composition is more than eight meters.

    7.  The __________ opening of the “Gray Ural” monument, a symbol of the Great              CEREMONY

         Victory was held on May 5, 2005.

 

Task 5.

Прочитайте текст. Выберите правильный вариант ответа.

MONUMENT TO URAL SPORTSMEN-PARTICIPANTS OF THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR In 1996 residents of Ekaterinburg immortalized the feat of soldiers-athletes who took an active part

1. in the Great Patriotic War. There is a memorial composition on the alley __________ to the Ice

Palace of Sports. The authors of the project were the sculptors K.V. Grunberg, V.A. Govorukhin and the architect A.Yu. Istratov.

2. During the war years the sports organizations of the city and the Sverdlovsk region, in __________ with a special program, trained more than two and a half million skiers, over seven hundred
3. hand-to-hand fighting specialists and two hundred thousand __________. Warrior athletes as part of special units performed special tasks in the rear of the enemy and on the fronts.
4. The massive pedestal height of 4 meters is made __________ polished granite gray slabs. A
5. memorable __________ is carved on the front side. A composition of three figures is installed
6. on the pedestal. Three skiers warriors – a commander, a medical girl and a fighter- in a _________
7. line are moving on a mission. The sculptural __________ is monolithic, 3.5 meters high.

1. a) going                      b) coming                c) leading
2. a) accordance            b) agreement          c) permission
3. a) boxers                    b) footballers           c) swimmers
4. a) from                       b) of                          c) out of
5. a) inscription              b) sign                      c) note
6. a) alone                      b) lonely                  c) single
7. a) team                       b) group                  c) crew

 

ANSWERS

Task 1:  1. G. Bakhchivandzhi

              2. N. Kuznetsov

              3.       –

              4. G. Rechkalov

              5. M. Odintsov

              6. N. Butorin

              7. V. Khomyakov

Task 2:  A 4     B 7     C 1     D 6     E 2     F 3

Task 3:  1 dedicated                5 was created

              2 are set                     6 dates

              3 hanging                   7 took

              4 those                       8 duties

Task 4:  1 inhabitants              5 defenders

              2 contribution            6 height

              3 forty-first                7 ceremonial

              4 significant

Task 5:  1 C     2 A     3 C     4 B     5 A     6 C     7 B

  

 

 

Библиографический список                   

    1. Heroes of the country: https:/warheroes.ru

    2. Monuments in Yekaterinburg: goingRus.com

    3. Wikipedia