Особенности трудовой деятельности детей с нарушениями речевого развития

Автор: Останкова Анастасия Юрьевна

Организация: НИУ БелГу

Населенный пункт: Белгородская область, г. Алексеевка

Аннотация. Тема данной статьи касается исследований в области трудовой деятельности детей с нарушениями развития речи. В данной работе мы рассмотрим, как возникающие у детей с НРР трудности с развитием трудовых и когнитивных навыков и функций, так и методы их успешной адаптации в трудовую среду. В ходе анализа, мы приведём примеры влияния нарушений речевого развития на память, внимание, мышление, планирование и другие когнитивные процессы человека, а также рассмотрим их влияние на коммуникативные способности таких детей в трудовой сфере. В статье приводятся полезные советы по созданию благоприятной среды, способствующей самореализации детей с нарушениями речевого развития, помогающие также их профессиональному самоопределению в будущем.

Ключевые слова: нарушения речевого развития, трудовая деятельность, трудовое обучение, социальная адаптация, коммуникативные навыки, когнитивные процессы, логопедия, реабилитация, особые образовательные потребности.

Annotation. The topic of this article concerns research in the field of work of children with speech development disorders. In this paper, we will look at both the difficulties that children with HP have in developing work and cognitive skills and functions, as well as the methods of their successful adaptation to the work environment. In the course of the analysis, we will give examples of the impact of speech development disorders on memory, attention, thinking, planning and other human cognitive processes, as well as consider their impact on the communicative abilities of such children in the workplace. The article provides useful tips on creating a supportive environment conducive to the self-realization of children with speech development disorders, as well as helping their professional self-determination in the future.

Keywords: speech development disorders, labor activity, labor training, social adaptation, communication skills, cognitive processes, speech therapy, rehabilitation, special educational needs.

Nowadays, there are more and more children with speech disorders. Therefore, it is important for every future teacher to understand how labor education affects a child's speech development.

Labor has a positive impact not only on physical development but also on mental development. It also positively affects the formation of a child's cognitive functions, such as attention, memory, intelligence, and focus. All of these factors contribute to the development of a child's speech by creating situations where communication is necessary and speech disorders are addressed as effectively as possible [2].

Before starting labor education, the teacher needs to understand what defects need to be eliminated and what needs of the child itself require satisfaction. This check takes place in several stages (Table 1).

Таблица 1.

Этапы подготовки ребёнка к трудовому воспитанию

Then, the training introduces labor vocabulary. The simplest exercise is setting the table with a conversation accompanying the process. The group's task is to prepare the table for lunch, constantly commenting on their actions, communicating with each other, and asking for assistance. The teacher's role is to enrich their vocabulary with relevant terms (plate, spoon, fork, tablecloth, napkin, etc.). Children learn not only the vocabulary of work, but also work operations that require the development of fine motor skills, attention, perseverance, and the ability to construct logical phrases. Communication is conducted in a free form, but on a strictly defined topic by the teacher. This relaxed atmosphere helps children to avoid the constant stress of memorizing a large number of new terms and using them in their sentences, and to communicate in a relaxed manner without fear of making mistakes or being corrected.

 Caring for pets or plants is a good basis for developing speech. By caring for plants, the teacher can simultaneously work on the correct endings of verbs, adjectives, and nouns with the children. Additionally, new terms such as indoor plants, leaves, rakes, loosening, soil, etc. are introduced into their vocabulary.

When working on labor education in nature, it is important for the teacher to pay attention to the correct pronunciation of sounds, help the children to complicate their speech structures, and add more emotion to their communication. This type of labor education serves as a good foundation for developing children's speech [3].

Thus, it can be concluded that a child with speech development disorders who engages in labor activities not only has the opportunity to develop fine motor skills and correct speech skills, but also gains an understanding of people's daily activities and the ability to become a full-fledged member of society by successfully integrating into it. It is important to remember that the labor education of children with speech development disorders should be carried out in all types of activities, such as in kindergarten classes, during walks, on excursions, while reading books, and even while watching cartoons. This method is a truly beneficial way to develop a child's speech abilities.

Использованные источники

1. Воспитание и обучение детей с тяжелыми нарушениями речи: программа для спец. дошк. учреждений / авт.-сост.: Ю. Н. Кислякова, Л. Н. Мороз. – Минск: Нац. ин-т образования, 2007. – 280 с.
2. Нейропсихологические основы развития речи ребенка  по А. Р. Лурия. [Электронный источник]. Режим просмотра: https://silkova-kashds13.edumsko.ru/articles/post/1667520 (дата обращения: 15.04.2026).
3. Трудовое воспитание детей с нарушениями речи. [Электронный источник]. Режим просмотра: https://solncesvet.ru/book_work/33185/ (дата обращения: 15.04.2026).