Labor education of children with disabilities

Автор: Чужинова татьяна Алексеевна

Организация: ГБОУ «Валуйская общеобразовательная школа-интернат № 1»

Населенный пункт: Белгородская область, г. Валуйки

One of the tasks of the boarding school is to develop the working abilities of children with disabilities, which at the present stage should be an integrated system of personality formation of a child with intellectual disabilities. In work, the child's worldview, moral qualities, motives of behavior are formed, cognitive activity is corrected, will and character are cultivated. Psychologically and practically, schools should prepare students for conscious, active work.

Preparation for work begins long before the work itself. The formation of a person as a person, his self-determination is inextricably linked with a step-by-step knowledge of the world around him, starting from birth and throughout his life. School years are a period of tremendous development of a person's talents, abilities, and skills, which they later apply and correct. Therefore, the issues of job training at school do not lose their relevance in the modern world.

Work as a purposeful influence on a person is especially closely connected by numerous dependencies and conditionals with other educational influences, and if these dependencies and conditionals are not realized, work turns into an abominable duty and does not give anything to either the mind or the soul.

The purpose of labor education is to maximize the involvement of students in various types of socially useful work in order to transfer to them a minimum of industrial experience, labor skills, and the development of creative practical thinking, diligence, and the consciousness of a working person.

The tasks are:

-development and improvement of labor skills.

-the inclusion of pupils in feasible work activities through practical exercises (self-service skills, household work, etc.).

-formation of moral qualities, aesthetic attitude to the goals, process and results of work.

-education of accuracy, independence, the ability to finish what you started.

Willingness to work is achieved by a system of educational activities, in each of which tasks are solved.:

-awareness of the goals and objectives of work.

-education of work motives.

-formation of work skills through practical tasks.

In the practice of educational work at the school, three main forms of work organization are mainly used:

Individual training is for those students who have little knowledge of labor operations and vice versa.

Group – classes in clubs and creative workshops, classes based on interests

Frontal – exhibitions and contests.

The most common characteristic methods of labor education:

The explanation is for communicating the rules of behavior and the sequence of performing various ore techniques and operations.

Briefing – it is used to communicate the rules on TB before practical classes. The briefing is conducted immediately before the start of work.

Individual tasks are used to increase knowledge and skills, expand the understanding of the possibilities of pupils, their inclinations and abilities.

Career guidance is one of the most common methods. It should always be logically related to the material being studied. The students' study of deeper information contributes to the students' understanding of knowledge about work, the world of work and people in labor professions. There should always be a red thread between the knowledge gained in an orphanage, school, work skills and successful work in a profession in the future.

Watching feature films and television programs is an important form of work on labor education and professional education. It is important not only the selection and content of films, but their subsequent joint, general discussion. The discussion process helps to correctly understand the content and the ideological meaning of what you saw.

Socially significant actions – with socially significant meaning, where students can show their personal attitude to work. This form can captivate students with a common cause, idea, and gives them the opportunity to show their work skills to other people.

Labor Week is an active form of work that includes: meetings with specialists from different professions, the publication of wall newspapers, thematic educational hours, exhibitions of crafts and creative works.

But teachers mainly use methods such as explanation, instruction, individual assignments, less often career-oriented conversations are used, and watching feature films, socially significant actions, and labor week are not used at all.

It has been established that engaging in any kind of work not only prepares students for work, but also, with appropriate organization, is a very effective means of correcting the shortcomings of their psyche. The work helps students to concretize their existing ideas and concepts about the world around them. In the process of work, students get acquainted with the basics of objects and materials, compare them, plan their work, create a manufacturing object (craft) in their imagination - all this contributes to the development of thinking.

Studying is also work, and it is the main type of work for students and includes, as educational activities under the guidance of a tutor, homework, hours of reading, observation walks, various didactic games, and interest classes. In the process of learning, students develop a habit of regular employment, daily hard work, and an interest in learning.

Gaming is inseparable from work. Games for students are also hard work. In my group, I conduct various collective games, board games, sports, didactic, remedial games.

Pedagogical tact is of great educational importance in assessing child labor. if teachers do not notice a child's diligence in carrying out work assignments, then over time it disappears.

The school educates the child's socially valuable motives for diligence, thereby preparing him for a thoughtful choice of profession, for finding a job that suits his soul, interests, and social significance.

In addition, everyone should have basic self-service skills that should be instilled in them from early childhood: make their bed, tidy their room.

Pupils are often involved in the work of landscaping the school grounds: landscaping the school yard, clean-up days for cleaning the school grounds, seasonal work at the school grounds, assistance in preparing for the holidays, organization of various mass events.

In conclusion, I would like to remind you that the topic of labor is covered by many well-known scientists. For example: Konstantin Dmitrievich Ushinsky wrote: "It is necessary to raise children not for happiness, but for work - this will bring them happiness."